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PHONEMIC AWARENESS
Phonemic Awareness: The ability to hear and manipulate
the sounds in spoken words, and the understanding that spoken words are made up
of sequences of speech sounds.
Phonemic awareness instruction typically spans two years, kindergarten and
first grade. Oral activities in kindergarten focus on simple tasks such as
rhyming, matching words with beginning sounds, and blending sounds into words.
In first grade, phonemic awareness tasks are more advanced, focusing on blending
and segmenting.
Phonemic Awareness Skills:
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Sound and Word Discrimination
* Tells whether words or sounds are the same or different (cat/cat = same;
cat/car=different).
* Identifies which word is different (ex: sun, fun, sun).
* Tells the difference between single speech sounds (ex: Which one is
different? s, s, k).
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Rhyming
* Identifies whether words rhyme (ex: cat/mat; ring/sing).
* Produces a word that rhymes with another (ex: "A word that rhymes with
rose is nose. Tell me another word that rhymes with rose.)
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Blending
* Orally blends syllables (mon-key) or onset-rimes (m-ilk) into a whole
word. "M" is the onset, and "ilk" is the rime.
* Orally blends 2-3 separately spoken phonemes into one-syllable words (ex:
m-e, me; u-p, up; f-u-n, fun).
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Segmentation
* Claps or counts the words in a 3-5 word sentence (ex: Sue can jump far =
four claps).
* Claps or counts the syllables in 1-, 2-, and 3-syllable words.
* Says each syllable in two and three syllable words (di-no-saur).
* Identifies the first sound in a one-syllable word (ex: /m/ in man).
* Segments individual sounds in two and three phonemes (the smallest sound
made by a letter/letters heard) using one syllable words (ex: run, /r/ /u/
/n/; feet, /f/ /ee/ /t/).
Ways to work on these skills with your child:
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Read to your child, especially
rhyming books and nursery rhymes.
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Play word games like “I see
something that begins with the /s/ sound.
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Sing with your child and clap to
the rhythm/beat.
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